If you want to force run a partial reindex process, also called mview or materialized view to update only entries collected in a change log table (suffixed with _cl) you can use following command. First you need to find out desired process code with

bin/magento indexer:info

command. And use it for the

$processCode

variable value.

$processCode = 'visual_merchandiser_category';
$collection = $objectManaget->get(\Magento\Framework\Mview\View\Collection::class);
$item = $collection->getItemsByColumnValue('view_id', $processCode)[0];
$item->update();